MARPRO PROFILE VICE ADMIRAL WILLIAM BURKE (RETIRED)“You have to address the causes and not just the symptoms. And while we are mainly dealing with the transport on water, we need to recognize that the long-term solutions lie on land – whether we are talking about Somalia, West Africa or any other piracy prone area of the world.” and the World Bank states that from 2005 to 2012, 179 ships The Use of Armed Guardswere successfully hijacked off the Horn of Africa, primarily The use of armed guard is a legal challenge. In contrast to off the coast of Somalia. Another study, called ‘Pirate Trails’, the international waters off Somalia, coastal states in West Af-using data and evidence from interviews with former pirates, rica do not allow foreign armed guards to enter their territorial government of